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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg10050</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-10050</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical practice</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Топографо-анатомические ориентиры поиска наружной ветви верхнего гортанного нерва</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anatomical landmarks of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-3415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малюга</surname><given-names>Виктор Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyuga</surname><given-names>Viktor Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malugav70@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-2999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприн</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuprin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fishbig04@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Городская клиническая больница им. Е.О. Мухина&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;E.O. Mukhin city clinical hospital&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Городская клиническая больница им. А.К. Ерамишанцева&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;A.K. Eramishanzev city clinical hospital&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>161</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малюга В.Ю., Куприн А.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малюга В.Ю., Куприн А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malyuga V.Y., Kuprin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10050">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10050</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Наружная ветвь верхнего гортанного нерва иннервирует перстнещитовидную мышцу, которая обеспечивает натяжение голосовых связок и образование высокочастотных звуков. При повреждении этого нерва пациенты могут отмечать охриплость, невозможность произношения высоких звуков, “быструю утомляемость” голоса, дисфагию. По данным литературы, парезы наружной ветви верхнего гортанного нерва достигают 58% случаев после оперативных вмешательств на щитовидной железе.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: определение скелетотопических ориентиров поиска и топографо-анатомических вариантов расположения наружной ветви верхнего гортанного нерва.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Работа основана на микродиссекции 21 трупного органокомплекса шеи и анализе расположения 40 наружных ветвей верхнего гортанного нерва. Выбраны два скелетотопических ориентира поиска, находящихся на минимальном расстоянии от нерва, относительно которых произведены геометрические расчеты: косая линия щитовидного хряща и сухожильная дуга нижнего мышечного сжимателя глотки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Точка “входа” наружной ветви верхнего гортанного нерва всегда располагается на нижнем мышечном сжимателе глотки, не выступая за пределы косой линии щитовидного хряща сверху, а спереди – сухожильной дуги этой мышцы. Нерв в 92,8% случаев имел параллельное направление (угол менее 30 градусов) относительно косой линии и в 85,7% случаев находился в непосредственной близости к этой линии (на расстоянии до 4 мм).</p><p>Предложенная нами топографо-анатомическая классификация расположения наружной веточки верхнего гортанного нерва основана на локализации точки “входа” нерва относительно длинника косой линии щитовидного хряща и риска повреждения нерва. В 14,2% случаев точка “входа” находилась в области передней трети линии (I тип), а в 50% – в средней трети этой линии (II тип). Такие варианты наружной ветви верхнего гортанного нерва находились в непосредственной близости от верхнего полюса щитовидной железы, что могло привести к их повреждению во время хирургического вмешательства. При III и IV типе (35,8%) точка “входа” в мышцу располагалась максимально удаленно от верхнего полюса щитовидной железы и большая часть нерва была прикрыта волокнами нижнего мышечного сжимателя глотки.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Определены основные ориентиры поиска и предложена топографо-анатомическая классификация расположения наружной ветви верхнего гортанного нерва. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates a cricothyroid muscle, which provides tension in vocal cords and formation of high-frequency sounds. When the nerve is damaged during surgery, patients may notice hoarseness, inability to utter high pitched sounds, “rapid fatigue” of the voice, and dysphagia. According to literature, paresis of an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve reaches up to 58% after thyroid surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to identify permanent landmarks and topographic variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identified two permanent landmarks that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and we made metrical calculations relative to them: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The piercing point of the nerve is always located at the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle without protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The nerve had the parallel direction in 92.8% of cases (angel less than 30 degrees) relative to the oblique line and in 85.7% cases it was in close proximity to this line (at distance up to 4 mm).</p><p>The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of the piercing point of the nerve relative to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and the risk of nerve damage. In 14.2% of cases, the piercing point was in the front third of the line (type I), and in 50% it was in the middle third of this line (type II). These variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could have lead to its damage during surgery. In type III and IV (35.8%) – the piercing point in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland and the greater part of the nerve was covered with the fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. We identified the main orienteers for the search and proposed anatomical classification of the location of the external branch on the superior laryngeal nerve.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наружная ветвь верхнего гортанного нерва</kwd><kwd>иннервация гортани</kwd><kwd>хирургия щитовидной железы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve</kwd><kwd>larynx innervation</kwd><kwd>thyroid surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchese-Ragona R, Restivo DA, Mylonakis I, et al. The superior laryngeal nerve injury of a famous soprano, Amelita Galli-Curci. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2013;33(1):67-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchese-Ragona R, Restivo DA, Mylonakis I, et al. The superior laryngeal nerve injury of a famous soprano, Amelita Galli-Curci. 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