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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg10181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-10181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тестирование соматических мутаций: роль в дифференциальной диагностике новообразований щитовидной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Somatic mutation testing: the role in differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-7312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качко</surname><given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachko</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD Department of Endocrinology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VeraF246@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарецкий</surname><given-names>Андрей Ростиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaretsky</surname><given-names>Andrew R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель отдела молекулярной онкологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-zaretsky@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-7490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванушко</surname><given-names>Владимир Эдуардович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vanushko</surname><given-names>Vladimir E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanushko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-1544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Надежда Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doc-platonova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-9996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абросимов</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abrosimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitarusskikh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-4372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семкина</surname><given-names>Галина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semkina</surname><given-names>Galina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stefana86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ООО &amp;ldquo;Евроген Лаб&amp;rdquo;; ФГБУН &amp;ldquo;Институт биоорганической химии им. акад. М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова&amp;rdquo; РАН&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Evrogen Lab LLC; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Research Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГБУ &amp;ldquo;Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии&amp;rdquo; Минздрава России&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Endocrinology Research Centre&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); ФГБУ &amp;ldquo;Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии&amp;rdquo; Минздрава России&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Endocrinology Research Centre&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Качко В.А., Зарецкий А.Р., Ванушко В.Э., Платонова Н.М., Абросимов А.Ю., Семкина Г.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Качко В.А., Зарецкий А.Р., Ванушко В.Э., Платонова Н.М., Абросимов А.Ю., Семкина Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kachko V.A., Zaretsky A.R., Vanushko V.E., Platonova N.M., Abrosimov A.Y., Semkina G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10181">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10181</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. При дооперационной диагностике новообразований щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) цитологическое исследование материала тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии (ТАБ) является золотым стандартом и служит основанием для планирования лечебной стратегии. Однако в 10–30% случаев доброкачественный или злокачественный характер новообразования ЩЖ не может быть однозначно установлен по цитологии, что приводит к невозможности заранее выбрать оптимальную стратегию лечения. Для таких случаев крайне актуален поиск методов уточняющей дифференциальной диагностики, среди которых наиболее перспективным в настоящее время считается мутационное тестирование.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить возможность использования мутационных тестов для дифференциальной диагностики новообразований ЩЖ на дооперационном этапе.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведено одноцентровое проспективное исследование, в которое были включены пациенты с новообразованиями ЩЖ, проходившие хирургическое лечение в ФГБУ “НМИЦ эндокринологии” Минздрава России с 2012 по 2014 г. Образцы цитологического, гистологического материала и плазмы крови пациентов тестировали на наличие соматических мутаций в “горячих точках” генов BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX и TERT.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование было включено 75 пациентов, из них 29 с папиллярным раком ЩЖ низкого риска, 29 с фолликулярными новообразованиями ЩЖ и 17 с узловым коллоидным зобом. Мутации в “горячих точках” гена BRAF (экзон 15, район кодонов 600–601) были обнаружены у 29 пациентов, мутации в “горячих точках” гена NRAS (экзон 3, кодон 61) – у 8 пациентов; мутации в “горячих точках” генов KRAS, TERT и EIF1AX выявлены не были. Совпадение результатов мутационного тестирования цитологического и гистологического материала составило 91,7%. Мутация опухолевого происхождения в циркулирующей ДНК плазмы крови была обнаружена в одном случае. Прогностическая ценность положительного результата (PPV) мутационного теста на цитологическом материале в отношении злокачественного характера опухоли ЩЖ составила 100% для гена BRAF и 0% для гена NRAS.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тест на мутации в “горячих точках” гена BRAF на цитологическом материале может быть использован в качестве дополнительного маркера для уточнения характера новообразования ЩЖ при неопределенном результате цитологического исследования. Не получено данных за информативность использования в аналогичных ситуациях тестов на мутации в “горячих точках” генов KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX и TERT, а также мутационного тестирования циркулирующей ДНК плазмы крови.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: In the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors the cytological examination of the material of fine needle aspiration biopsy is the gold standard and serves as the basis for planning of treatment strategy. However, in 10–30% of cases, it cannot be clearly established by cytology whether the nature of thyroid neoplasm benign or malignant, which leads to the inability to choose the optimal treatment strategy in advance. For such cases, it is extremely important to search for methods of clarifying differential diagnosis, among which mutation testing is currently considered the most promising.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims: To evaluate the possibility of using mutation tests for clarifying differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms at the preoperative stage.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: We performed the prospective single center study, which included patients with the thyroid neoplasms, who had been treated in the Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia from 2012 to 2014. Samples of histological material, cytological material and blood plasma of these patients were tested for the presence of somatic mutations in hot spots of the genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, TERT, and EIF1AX.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The study included 75 patients, 29 of them with low-risk papillary thyroid cancer, 29 with follicular neoplasm NA of the thyroid gland and 17 with colloid nodular goiter. Mutations in the “hot spots” of the BRAF gene (exon 15, codon area 600–601) were found in 29 patients, mutations in the “hot spots” of the NRAS gene (exon 3, codon 61) – in 8 patients; mutations in the hot spots of the KRAS, TERT and EIF1AX genes were not detected. Correlation of the results of mutational testing of cytological and histological material was 91.7%. Mutations of tumor origin in circulating blood plasma DNA were found in only 1 cases. The prognostic value of the positive result (PPV) of the mutation test on cytological material in relation to the malignant nature of the thyroid tumor was 100% for the BRAF gene and 0% for the NRAS gene.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: The mutation test in the “hot spots” of the BRAF gene on cytological material can be used as an additional marker to clarify the nature of thyroid tumors, when the result of cytological examination are uncertain. Either in similar situations for mutation tests in the “hot spots” of genes KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX and TERT on cytological material, or mutation testing of circulating DNA of blood plasma can’t be used as an additional marker.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новообразования щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>неопределенный результат цитологического исследования</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические исследования</kwd><kwd>соматические мутации</kwd><kwd>гены BRAF</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>EIF1AX</kwd><kwd>TERT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid neoplasms</kwd><kwd>thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>indeterminate result of thyroid cytology</kwd><kwd>molecular testing</kwd><kwd>somatic mutations</kwd><kwd>genes BRAF</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>TERT</kwd><kwd>EIF1AX</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант РНФ № 14-35-00105).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF grant No. 14-35-00105).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cibas ES, Ali SZ. 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