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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg10220</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-10220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогностическое значение тестирования соматических мутаций и различных методов лечения при высокодифференцированном раке щитовидной железы низкого риска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prognostic value of somatic mutation testing and different methods of treatment of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-7312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качко</surname><given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachko</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VeraF246@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-7490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванушко</surname><given-names>Владимир Эдуардович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vanushko</surname><given-names>Vladimir E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник отдела хирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanushko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-1544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Надежда Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник отдела терапевтической эндокринологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doc-platonova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre,</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Качко В.А., Ванушко В.Э., Платонова Н.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Качко В.А., Ванушко В.Э., Платонова Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kachko V.A., Vanushko V.E., Platonova N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10220">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10220</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Молекулярно-генетические маркеры широко исследуются в настоящее время. Их применение при прогнозировании течения заболевания, возможно, могло бы помочь врачам при принятии терапевтических решений, поскольку до сих пор остается ряд спорных вопросов в ведении пациентов с высокодифференцированным раком щитовидной железы (ВДРЩЖ) низкого риска. Мнения экспертов об объеме лечения таких пациентов расходятся: обсуждается адекватность гемитиреоидэктомии, необходимость удаления лимфатических узлов центральной зоны (VI уровень) и показания к назначению терапии радиоактивным йодом. </p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить частоту рецидивов при разных комплексных вариантах лечения при ВДРЩЖ низкого риска; оценить частоту встречаемости соматических мутаций в “горячих точках” генов BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX и TERT в гистологическом материале и оценить их прогностическое значение.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведено проспективное наблюдательное когортное выборочное одноцентровое открытое контролируемое нерандомизированное клиническое исследование, в которое были включены пациенты с новообразованиями щитовидной железы, набранные в период с 2012 по 2014 г. Образцы гистологического материала тестировали на наличие соматических мутаций в “горячих точках” генов BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX и TERT. После проведенного лечения пациентов группы ВДРЩЖ наблюдали на протяжении 43–68 мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование были включены 90 пациентов с ВДРЩЖ низкого риска. Мутации в “горячих точках” гена BRAF (экзон 15, район кодонов 600–601) были обнаружены у 53 пациентов, мутации в “горячих точках” гена NRAS (экзон 3, кодон 61) – у 4 пациентов; мутации в “горячих точках” генов KRAS, TERT и EIF1AX выявлены не были. Медиана длительности наблюдения в группе ВДРЩЖ составила 56 мес. У 12 (13,3%) пациентов диагностирован рецидив рака щитовидной железы, значимых отличий по частоте рецидивов в зависимости от варианта хирургического лечения не выявлено, значимых отличий между группами BRAF+/ BRAF– по частоте рецидивов не выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Течение заболевания у пациентов с ВДРЩЖ группы низкого риска отличается крайне благоприятным прогнозом, даже в случае рецидива. В настоящем исследовании комплексные методы лечения не показали клинически значимых преимуществ перед тиреоидэктомией при лечении пациентов с микрокарциномами щитовидной железы. Не получено данных за целесообразность использования у таких пациентов тестов на мутации в “горячих точках” генов BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX и TERT для прогнозирования течения заболевания, хотя отсутствие выявления генов агрессивного течения заболевания, возможно, указывает на благоприятный прогноз у данных пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Using molecular testing for prediction the course of the disease could possibly help doctors in making therapeutic decisions about the management of patients, because it remains controversial issues in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. The expert’s opinions are different on the volume of treatment of these patients: the adequacy of hemitireoidectomy, the need to remove the lymph nodes of the central zone (level VI) and the need for radioiodine therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims: to evaluate the frequency of recurrences in different complex treatment options of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer; to evaluate the frequency of somatic mutations in the hot spots of BRAF, KRAS, KRAS, EIF1AX and TERT genes in histological material and to evaluate their prognostic value.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: A prospective, observational, cohort, sample, single-center, open-label, controlled, nonrandomized clinical trial was performed, which included patients with the thyroid neoplasms, recruited in the period from 2012 to 2014. Samples of histological material were tested for the presence of somatic mutations in hot spots of the genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, TERT, and EIF1AX. After the treatment, the low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients group were observed for 43–68 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The study included 90 patients with low-risk well differentiated thyroid cancer. Mutations in the hot spots of the BRAF gene (exon 15, codon area 600-601) were found in 53 patients, mutations in the hot spots of the NRAS gene (exon 3, codon 61) – in 3 patients; mutations in the hot spots of the KRAS, TERT and EIF1AX genes were not detected. The median follow-up in the well differentiated thyroid cancer group was 56 months. Recurrence diagnosed in 12 patients (13.3%), significant differences in the frequency of recurrence depending on the surgical treatment option was not revealed, significant differences in the frequency of recurrence between the groups BRAF+/BRAF was not revealed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: Low-risk well differentiated thyroid cancer patients have characterized a very favorable the course of disease and prognosis, even in the case of recurrence. In this study, complex treatment has not shown significant advantages over thyroidectomy in treating patients with thyroid microcarcinomas. Mutation testing of histological material in hot spots of genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX and TERT can’t be used as an additional marker in low-risk well differentiated thyroid cancer patients to predict the course of the disease, although the lack of detection of aggressive genes of the disease may indicate a favorable prognosis in these patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокодифференцированный рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические исследования</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>EIF1AX</kwd><kwd>TERT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>molecular testing</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>TERT</kwd><kwd>EIF1AX</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант РНФ № 14-35-00105 “Комплексное исследование молекулярной эволюции злокачественных опухолей для разработки персонифицированных подходов к ведению онкологических больных”).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бельцевич Д.Г., Ванушко В.Э., Румянцев П.О. и др. 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