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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg12720</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-12720</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Артериальное кровоснабжение внутренних органов шеи: анатомия, топография, клиническое значение в эндокринной хирургии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arterial blood supply of the internal neck organs: anatomy, topography, clinical significance in endocrine surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-2999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприн</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuprin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куприн Александр Александрович, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7950- 8820</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Kuprin, MD, PhD</p><p>61/2 Schepkina street, Moscow, 129110</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7950- 8820</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fishbig04@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-3415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малюга</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyuga</surname><given-names>V. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малюга Виктор Юрьевич, доктор медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 1303-6923</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor Y. Malyuga, MD</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 1303-6923</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malugav70@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-0034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанова Елена Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5965-8784</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Stepanova, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5965-8784</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepanovamoniki@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского;&#13;
ГБУЗ Городская клиническая больница им. А.К. Ерамишанцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI);&#13;
A.K. Eramishanzev city clinical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куприн А.А., Малюга В.Ю., Степанова Е.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куприн А.А., Малюга В.Ю., Степанова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuprin A.A., Malyuga V.Y., Stepanova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12720">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12720</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Современные тенденции «fast track surgery» стимулируют создание новых безопасных подходов к технике операции на щитовидной и околощитовидных железах, направленных на минимизацию уровня послеоперационных осложнений, таких как парез гортани, гипопаратиреоз, кровотечение. В этой связи принципиально важным для хирурга-эндокринолога является обеспечение «сухого операционного поля», что способствует четкой визуализации таких «тонких» структур, как возвратный гортанный нерв, наружная ветвь верхнего гортанного нерва и околощитовидные железы. Поэтому ключевым моментом операций является понимание топографо-анатомических особенностей кровоснабжения внутренних органов шеи (комплекс органов шеи, состоящий из щитовидной и околощитовидных желез, гортани, трахеи, пищевода). ЦЕЛЬ. Определить основные источники артериального кровоснабжения внутренних органов шеи и их топографоанатомические особенности.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В работе проанализированы протоколы компьютерных томографий ветвей брахиоцефальных артерий. Толщина реконструированных срезов в аксиальной, фронтальной и сагиттальной плоскостях составляла 0,35±0,05 мм. Факт кровоснабжения органа подтверждался анатомической близостью с ним артериальной структуры и наличием интрамуральных ветвлений.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У 42 пациентов прослежен ход всех шейных ветвей подключичной и общей сонной артерии. Отмечено, что только нижняя, верхняя и непарная щитовидные артерии кровоснабжают внутренние органы шеи. При этом верхняя щитовидная артерия визуализирована на всех ангиограммах. Нижняя щитовидная артерия отсутствовала в 2,4% случаев. Непарная щитовидная артерия определялась редко (у 4,8% пациентов). В 73,2% случаев нижняя щитовидная артерия начиналась высоко, на уровне верхней трети доли щитовидной железы, и имела нисходящий ход. В 23,2% наблюдений артерия формировалась на уровне средней трети доли щитовидной железы и направлялась горизонтально. Только в 3,6% случаев у сосуда определялся восходящий ход. Нижняя щитовидная артерия располагалась по задней поверхности доли щитовидной железы, где и образовывала свои железистые ветви. Напротив, ветви верхней щитовидной артерии находились преимущественно по переднебоковой поверхности щитовидной железы. Средний диаметр просвета нижней щитовидной артерии составлял 2,1±0,5 мм, а верхней щитовидной артерии — 1,6±0,7 мм.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Согласно проведенному исследованию, артериальное кровоснабжение внутренних органов шеи обеспечивают преимущественно нижняя и верхняя щитовидные артерии. При этом основной ствол нижней щитовидной артерии крупнее верхней щитовидной артерии (p=0,032). Нижняя щитовидная артерия формирует ветви по задней поверхности доли щитовидной железы и с топографической точки зрения является основным источником кровоснабжения околощитовидных желез. В большинстве случаев нижняя щитовидная артерия имеет нисходящий ход, направляется по задней поверхности щитовидной железы и формирует с возвратным гортанным нервом Х-образный перекрест.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. Current trends of «fast track surgery» give rise to development of new safe techniques of the thyroid and parathyroid surgery, the purpose of which is to minimize the level of postoperative complications, such as vocal cord palsy, hypoparathyroidism, bleeding. In this regard, it is important for the endocrine surgeon to save «dry operating field», which contributes to the clear visualization of such «thin» structures as the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the parathyroid glands. Therefore, the key issue of this surgery is to understand the anatomical and topographic features of the blood supply to the internal neck organs (a complex of neck organs consisting of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus).</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. To determine the main sources of arterial blood supply of the internal neck organs and their anatomical, topographic features.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The computed tomography protocols of cervical branches of brachiocephalic arteries were analysed in the study. The thickness of the reconstructed sections in the axial, frontal and sagittal planes was 0.35±0.05 mm. The fact of blood supply was confirmed by the anatomical close of the arterial structure to the internal organ and the presence of intramural arterial branches.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The course of all cervical branches of the subclavian and common carotid artery was traced among 42 patients. It is noted, that only the inferior, superior thyroid arteries and thyroid ima artery supply internal neck organs with the blood. At the same time, the superior thyroid artery was visualized in all angiograms. However, the inferior thyroid artery was absent in 2.4% of cases. The thyroid ima artery was rarely detected (in 4.8% of patients). In 73.2% of cases, the inferior thyroid artery was detected high at the upper third level of the thyroid lobe and then had a descending course. In 23.2% of cases, the artery was formed at the middle third level of the thyroid lobe and was directed horizontally to the gland. Only in 3.6% of cases, the ascending course was determined in the vessel. The inferior thyroid artery was located on the posterior surface of the thyroid lobe, where it formed glandular branches. On the contrary, the branches of the superior thyroid artery were located mainly along the anterolateral surface of the thyroid gland. The average thickness of the inferior thyroid artery was 2.1±0.5 mm, and the superior thyroid artery was 1.6± 0.7 mm.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. According to the study, arterial blood supply to the internal neck organs is provided mainly by the inferior and superior thyroid arteries. At the same time, the trunk of the inferior thyroid artery is larger than the superior thyroid artery (p=0.032). The inferior thyroid artery forms branches along the posterior surface of the thyroid lobe and from a topographic point of view it is the main source of blood supply to the parathyroid glands. In most cases, the inferior thyroid artery has a descending course, is directed along the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and forms an X-shaped intersection with the recurrent laryngeal nerve.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>верхняя щитовидная артерия</kwd><kwd>нижняя щитовидная артерия</kwd><kwd>возвратный гортанный нерв</kwd><kwd>околощитовидные железы</kwd><kwd>тиреоидэктомия</kwd><kwd>гипокальциемия</kwd><kwd>парез гортани</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>superior thyroid artery</kwd><kwd>inferior thyroid artery</kwd><kwd>recurrent laryngeal nerve</kwd><kwd>parathyroid gland</kwd><kwd>thyroidectomy</kwd><kwd>hypocalcemia</kwd><kwd>vocal cord palsy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия: руководство для врачей / Под ред. 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