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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg12788</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-12788</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Невозвратный гортанный нерв в хирургии щитовидной и околощитовидных желез</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid and parathyroid surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-2999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприн</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuprin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куприн Александр Александрович, к.м.н.</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Kuprin, MD, PhD</p><p> 61/2 Schepkina street, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fishbig04@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-9432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветшева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetsheva</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ветшева Наталья Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Vetsheva, Phd, professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.vetsheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абуладзе</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abuladze</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абуладзе Иван Отариевич, к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan O. Abuladze, MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abuladze.ivan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский институт ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Institute Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куприн А.А., Ветшева Н.Н., Абуладзе И.О., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куприн А.А., Ветшева Н.Н., Абуладзе И.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuprin A.A., Vetsheva N.N., Abuladze I.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12788">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12788</self-uri><abstract><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Основной причиной послеоперационных парезов и параличей гортани является вариационная анатомия возвратного гортанного нерва. Примером такой «крайней формы индивидуальной изменчивости» является невозвратный гортанный нерв. Однако данная структура считается редкой аномалией с частотой встречаемости в популяции менее 0,5%. Именно с этим ошибочным убеждением связывают 6–7-кратное увеличение числа парезов гортани при встрече хирурга с невозвратным гортанным нервом. Между тем в исследованиях на трупном материале продемонстрирована значительно более высокая распространенность невозвратного гортанного нерва — 2,2%. При компьютерной томографии брахиоцефальных сосудов правая аберрантная подключичная артерия диагностирована у 3,1% пациентов. ЦЕЛЬ. Определить эффективность предоперационного УЗИ в выявлении правой аберрантной подключичной артерии и невозвратного гортанного нерва. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследование включены пациенты, которым выполнялись операции на щитовидной или околощитовидных железах с выделением правого нижнего гортанного нерва. В предоперационном периоде проводились УЗИ сосудов шеи с визуализацией брахиоцефального ствола (Y-признака) и правой аберрантной подключичной артерии (AL-признак). При интраоперационном выявлении невозвратного гортанного нерва в послеоперационном периоде проводилась компьютерная томография сосудов шеи. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В исследование включены 1476 пациентов. Y-признак отмечен у 1338 (90,7%) пациентов. У данного контингента больных определялась типичная анатомия возвратного гортанного нерва. В 138 (9,3%) случаях Y-признак выявить не удалось. В этой подгруппе в 20 (1,4%) наблюдениях отмечены невозвратный гортанный нерв и правая аберрантная подключичная артерия. Таким образом, чувствительность Y-признака в диагностике нормальной анатомии возвратного гортанного нерва составила 100%, специфичность — 91,9%, положительная прогностическая ценность — 14,5%, отрицательная прогностическая ценность — 100%. Напротив, AL-признак отмечен у всех пациентов с невозвратным гортанным нервом и правой аберрантной подключичной артерией. Ложноположительных и ложноотрицательных результатов не отмечено. На основе анализа интраоперационных картин выделено три варианта невозвратного гортанного нерва: I тип (верхний) — расположен позади верхней трети доли щитовидной железы, имеет прямое нисходящее направление и образует угол к гортани в 30–50°; III тип (нижний) — имеет прямое восходящее направление (имитирует ход возвратного гортанного нерва) и образует угол к трахее в 30–50°; II тип (средний) — все варианты невозвратного гортанного нерва, расположенного между I и III типами. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Выявление брахиоцефального ствола (Y-признака) при УЗИ подтверждает наличие у пациента возвратного гортанного нерва (чувствительность 100%), а визуализация правой аберрантной подключичной артерии (AL-признака) определяет наличие невозвратного гортанного нерва (чувствительность и специфичность 100%).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: the main reason for postoperative vocal folds paresis is the variable anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. An example of such an “extreme form of embryonal development» is the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve. However, many surgeons consider this structure to be a rare anomaly with prevalence less than 0.5%. This opinion is associated with a six to seven-fold increase in the number of vocal folds paresis when a surgeon encounters with a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve. Meanwhile, in cadaveric studies a significantly higher prevalence of non-recurrent laryngeal nerve was demonstrated — 2.2%. The right aberrant subclavian artery was diagnosed during CT in 3.1% patients.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: the aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of preoperative ultrasound in detecting the right aberrant subclavian artery and non-recurrent laryngeal nerve.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: patients underwent thyroid and parathyroid surgery with identification of a right inferior laryngeal nerve. The preoperative neck ultrasound was performed on all patients with visualization of a brachiocephalic trunk (Y-sign) or a right aberrant subclavian artery (AL-sign). CT-angiography was performed in the postoperative period on patients who had a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: the study included 1476 patients. The Y-sign was determined among 1338 (90.7%) patients. In these cases a typical anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was observed. In 138 (9.3%) cases, the Y-sign was not detected. In this subgroup of patients, in 20 (1.4%) cases, a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve and a right aberrant subclavian artery were noted. Thus, the sensitivity of the Y-sign in confirming the normal anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was 100%, specificity — 91.9%, positive prognostic value — 14.5%, negative prognostic value — 100%. On the contrary, AL-sign was notedall 20 (1.4%) patients with non-recurrent laryngeal nerve and right aberrant subclavian artery. False positive and false negative results were not observed. Three variants of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve were identified: type I (superior type) — located behind the upper third of the thyroid lobe, has a direct descending way and forms an angle to the larynx of 30–50°; type III (inferior type) — has a direct ascending way (simulates the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve) and forms an angle to trachea in 30–50°; type II (middle type) — all variants of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve located between types I and III.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: the preoperative ultrasound detection of brachiocephalic trunk (Y-sign) confirms the presence of a recurrent laryngeal nerve (sensitivity 100%), and visualization of the right aberrant subclavian artery (AL-sign) determines a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (sensitivity and specificity 100%).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возвратный гортанный нерв</kwd><kwd>невозвратный гортанный нерв</kwd><kwd>парез гортани</kwd><kwd>хирургия щитовидной и околощитовидных желез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>recurrent laryngeal nerve</kwd><kwd>non-recurrent laryngeal nerve</kwd><kwd>vocal fold paresis</kwd><kwd>thyroid or parathyroid surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Citton M, Viel G, Iacobone M. 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