<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg12799</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-12799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-лабораторная характеристика пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа, госпитализированных с синдромом диабетической стопы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-540X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демидова Татьяна Юльевна, д.м.н., профессор,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Y. Demidova, MD, Professor,</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova street, 117997 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.y.demidova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-0312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанова</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanova</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лобанова Кристина Геннадьевна,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina G. Lobanova,</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova street, 117997 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miss.sapog@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-5924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теплова Анна Сергеевна,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Teplova,</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova street, 117997 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna_kochina_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-0899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурова</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurova</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гурова Ирина Дмитриевна,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina D. Gurova,</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova street, 117997 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.gurova1004@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-4496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баирова</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bairova</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баирова Валерия Эдуардовна,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya E. Bairova,</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova street, 117997 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bairova.lera@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демидова Т.Ю., Лобанова К.Г., Теплова А.С., Гурова И.Д., Баирова В.Э., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демидова Т.Ю., Лобанова К.Г., Теплова А.С., Гурова И.Д., Баирова В.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demidova T.Y., Lobanova K.G., Teplova A.S., Gurova I.D., Bairova V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12799">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12799</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Сахарный диабет (СД) — одно из самых распространенных хронических заболеваний, приводящее к развитию множества осложнений, в том числе к синдрому диабетической стопы (СДС). Проблема прогрессивного увеличения численности пациентов с СДС и высокий риск ампутации в популяции пациентов с СД требует проведения исследований с целью установления факторов риска и конкретизации способов их коррекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить клинико-лабораторные характеристики пациентов центра спасения конечностей, страдающих СД 2 типа (СД2).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 729 историй болезни пациентов с СД2 центра спасения конечностей ГБУЗ «ГКБ им. В.П. Демихова ДЗМ» с 2019 по 2020 гг. Проведен анализ анамнестических данных, клинико-лабораторных показателей, медикаментозной терапии, характера хирургического вмешательства и исхода госпитализации. Статистический анализ проводился с помощью программы STATISTICA 8.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование было включено 729 пациентов с СД2. Среди них преобладали мужчины (58%). Медиана возраста больных составила 66 [59,0; 73,0] лет. У 50,89% пациентов стаж диабета превышал 10 лет. У 53% из них имелся СДС в анамнезе, у 79,2% — диабетическая полинейропатия, у 45% ранее проводилась ампутация нижней конечности, у 24,8% — реваскуляризация сосудов нижних конечностей. Значительная часть пациентов при поступлении находилась в состоянии декомпенсации углеводного обмена. Медиана уровня тощаковой гликемии составила 9,9 ммоль/л [7,2; 13,8]. Медиана HbA1c составила 7,8% [6,7; 9,1]. ИМТ и липидный профиль были оценены не у всех. В отделении был впервые поставлен диагноз СДС 224 пациентам. Среди язвенно-некротических осложнений СДС преобладала гангрена. Среди сопутствующей патологии — артериальная гипертензия (АГ). СКФ ˂ 60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 имели 45,36% пациентов. По данным рентгенографии, у 27,16% пациентов (107 из 394) имелись признаки нарушения костной плотности. В отделении 113 больным провели реваскуляризацию, 372 — ампутацию нижней конечности, при этом 37 пациентам (9,95%) была проведена ампутация на уровне выше колена, а 335 (90,05%) — ниже колена. Только местное лечение среди пациентов с СДС получили 244 человека. Всего были выписаны 718 пациентов; умерли 11. Медиана продолжительности госпитализации выписанных пациентов составила 13,0 [9,0; 18,0] койко-дней, средняя длительность госпитализации умерших пациентов — 11,31±2,21 (95% ДИ 6,49–16,13) койко-дней.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Большая часть пациентов с СД2 и СДС имели длительную декомпенсацию углеводного обмена, дислипидемию, повышенный ИМТ, АГ. В ходе исследования был сделан вывод о важности мониторинга и коррекции факторов риска для улучшения прогноза течения заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases, leading to the development of many complications includingdiabetic foot syndrome (DFS). The problem of a progressive increase in the number of patients with DFS and the high risk of amputation in the population of patients with DM requires research to identify risk factors and specify ways to correct them.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients of the limb rescue center suffering from type 2 diabetes (DM2).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 729 medical histories of patients with T2D hospitalized in the foot rescue department of the limb rescue center of the State Clinical Hospital named after V.P. Demikhov in the period between 2019 and 2020 was carried out. An analysis of anamnestic data, clinical and laboratory parameters, drug therapy, the nature of surgical intervention and the outcome of hospitalization was performed. The statistical analysis was carried out using STATISTICA 8.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The study included 729 patients with T2D. Men dominated among patients (58%). The median of age was 66 [59.0; 73.0] years. 50.89% had experience of diabetes for more than 10 years. 53% of these patients had DFS, 79.2% had diabetic polyneuropathy, 45% had previously undergone amputation of the lower extremity, 24.8% had revascularization. A significant proportion of patients at admission had uncontrolled high level of glycemia. The median of glucose level was 9.9 mmol/l [7.2; 13.8]. Median meaning of HbA1c was 7.8% [6.7; 9.1]. BMI and lipid profile were not evaluated in all patients. In the department 224 patients were diagnosed with DFS for the first time. Gangrene prevailed among the ulcerative-necrotic complications of DFS. Arterial hypertension (AH) prevailed among the concomitant pathologies. GFR ˂ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 was observed in 45.36% of patients. According to X-ray data, 27.16%  of patients (107 out of 394) showed signs of impaired bone density. In the department, 113 patients underwent revascularization, 372 — amputation of the lower limb, while 37 patients (9.95%) underwent amputation at the level above the knee, and 335 (90.05%) — at the level below the knee. Only 244 patients received local treatment among patients with DFS. A total of 718 patients were discharged; 11 patients died. The median duration of hospitalization of discharged patients was 13.0 [9.0; 18.0] bed days, the average duration of hospitalization of deceased patients was 11.31±2.21 (95% CI 6.49–16.13) bed days.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Most of the patients with DM2 and DFS had prolonged decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidemia, increased BMI, hypertension. The study concluded that it is important to monitor and correct risk factors to improve the prognosis of the disease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 1 типа</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>синдром диабетической стопы</kwd><kwd>ампутация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 1 diabetes</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd><kwd>diabetic foot syndrome</kwd><kwd>amputation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глобальный доклад по диабету. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global report on diabetes. Geneva: World health organization; 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. и др. «Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом» (11-й выпуск). Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова // Cахарный диабет. - 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM13042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY (10th edition). Diabetes mellitus. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM13042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальное руководство под ред. ак. РАН И.И. Дедова, ак. РАН Г.А. Мельниченко, 2-е изд., Москва, 2020 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National guide edited by academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences II Dedov, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences GA Melnichenko, 2nd edition, Moscow, 2020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bandyk DF. The diabetic foot: Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. Semin Vasc Surg. 2018. Jun-Dec;31(2-4):43-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2019.02.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bandyk DF. The diabetic foot: Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. Semin Vasc Surg. 2018. Jun-Dec;31(2-4):43-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2019.02.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Battum P, Schaper N, Prompers L, et. al. Differences in minor amputation rate in diabetic foot disease throughout Europe are in part explained by differences in disease severity at presentation. Med. J. Br. Diabet. Assoc. 2011;28:199-205. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03192.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Battum P, Schaper N, Prompers L, et. al. Differences in minor amputation rate in diabetic foot disease throughout Europe are in part explained by differences in disease severity at presentation. Med. J. Br. Diabet. Assoc. 2011;28:199-205. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03192.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галстян Г.Р., Викулова О.К., Исаков М.А. и др. Эпидемиология синдрома диабетической стопы и ампутаций нижних конечностей в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра больных сахарным диабетом (2013-2016 гг.) // Сахарный диабет. 2018;21(3):170-177. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM9688</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galstyan GR, Vikulova OK, Isakov MA, et al. Epidemiology of diabetic foot syndrome and lower limb amputations in the Russian Federation according to the Federal Register of Patients with Diabetes (2013-2016) // Diabetes mellitus. 2018;21(3):170-177. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM9688</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sen P, Demirdal T, Emir B. Meta-analysis of risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot infections. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019;35(7):e3165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sen P, Demirdal T, Emir B. Meta-analysis of risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot infections. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019;35(7):e3165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wukich DK, Raspovic KM. Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic foot disease: Why is it important and how can we improve? The 2017 Roger E. Pecoraro award lecture. Diabetes Care 2018;41:391-397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wukich DK, Raspovic KM. Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic foot disease: Why is it important and how can we improve? The 2017 Roger E. Pecoraro award lecture. Diabetes Care 2018;41:391-397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елсукова О.С., Власихина Е.Н. Частота факторов риска атеросклероза у пациентов с сахарным диабетом типа 2 в зависимости от наличия синдрома диабетической стопы. Вятский медицинский вестник. — 2007. — №1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yelsukova OS, Vlasikhina EN. Frequency of risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes depending on the presence of diabetic foot syndrome. Vyatka Medical Bulletin, 2007. №1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin C, Liu J, Sun H. Risk factors for lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020;16;15(9):e0239236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239236</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin C, Liu J, Sun H. Risk factors for lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020;16;15(9):e0239236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239236</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елсукова О.С., Власихина Е.Н. Распространенность артериальной гипертензии и эффективность гипотензивной терапии у пациентов сахарным диабетом типа 2 в зависимости от наличия синдрома диабетической стопы // Вятский медицинский вестник. — 2007. — №1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yelsukova OS, Vlasikhina EN. Prevalence of arterial hypertension and efficacy of antihypertensive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes depending on the presence of diabetic foot syndrome // Vyatka Medical Journal. — 2007. — №1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онучин С.Г., Елсукова О.С., Онучина Е.Л. Факторы риска синдрома диабетической стопы (СДС) и возможности комплексной сахароснижающей, антигипертензивной и гиполипидемической терапии // ПМ. — 2008. — №27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onuchin SG, Yelsukova OS, Onuchina EL. Risk factors for diabetic foot syndrome and the possibilities of complex sugar-lowering, antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy // PM. — 2008. — №27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walton DV, Edmonds ME, Bates M, et. al. People living with diabetes are unaware of their foot risk status or why they are referred to a multidisciplinary foot team. J Wound Care. 2021;30(8):598-603. doi: https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2021.30.8.598</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walton DV, Edmonds ME, Bates M, et. al. People living with diabetes are unaware of their foot risk status or why they are referred to a multidisciplinary foot team. J Wound Care. 2021;30(8):598-603. doi: https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2021.30.8.598</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossboth S, Lechleitner M, Oberaigner W. Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes-A systematic review. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2020;4(1):e00175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.175</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossboth S, Lechleitner M, Oberaigner W. Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes-A systematic review. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2020;4(1):e00175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.175</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu J, Yuan X, Liu J, et al. Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Foot Deformity Among the Population With Diabetes in Beijing, China: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:824215. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.824215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu J, Yuan X, Liu J, et al. Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Foot Deformity Among the Population With Diabetes in Beijing, China: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:824215. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.824215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDermott K, Fang M, Boulton AJM, et al. Etiology, Epidemiology, and Disparities in the Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(1):209-221. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dci22-0043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDermott K, Fang M, Boulton AJM, et al. Etiology, Epidemiology, and Disparities in the Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(1):209-221. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dci22-0043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis S, Raj D, Guzman NJ. Renal failure: implications of chronic kidney disease in the management of the diabetic foot. Semin Vasc Surg. 2012;25(2):82-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2012.04.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis S, Raj D, Guzman NJ. Renal failure: implications of chronic kidney disease in the management of the diabetic foot. Semin Vasc Surg. 2012;25(2):82-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2012.04.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang ZH, Li S, Kou Y, et al. Risk Factors for the Recurrence of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Among Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Int Wound J 2019;16:1373-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang ZH, Li S, Kou Y, et al. Risk Factors for the Recurrence of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Among Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Int Wound J 2019;16:1373-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chenyang Q, Xing M, Zhigang Z, et al. Classification and Differential Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Journal of Diabetes Research, vol.2017, Article ID 8637138, 7 pages, 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8637138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chenyang Q, Xing M, Zhigang Z, et al. Classification and Differential Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Journal of Diabetes Research, vol.2017, Article ID 8637138, 7 pages, 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8637138</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tonneijck L, Muskiet M, Smits M, et al. Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Diabetes: Mechanisms, Clinical Significance, and Treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(4):1023-1039. doi: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2016060666</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tonneijck L, Muskiet M, Smits M, et al. Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Diabetes: Mechanisms, Clinical Significance, and Treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(4):1023-1039. doi: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2016060666</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cachat F, Combescure C, Cauderay M, et al. A systematic review of glomerular hyperfiltration assessment and definition in the medical literature. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015; 6;10(3):382-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.03080314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cachat F, Combescure C, Cauderay M, et al. A systematic review of glomerular hyperfiltration assessment and definition in the medical literature. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015; 6;10(3):382-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.03080314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молитвословова Н.А., Галстян Г.Р. Остеопороз и сахарный диабет: современный взгляд на проблему // Сахарный диабет. — 2013;16(1):57-62. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-3598</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molitvoslovova NA, Galstyan GR. Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus: a modern viewpoint. Diabetes mellitus. 2013;16(1):57-62. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-3598</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang L, Chen Q, Wang L, et al. Decreased mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells contributes to impaired neovascularization in diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009;36(10):e47-56. doi: https://10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05219.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang L, Chen Q, Wang L, et al. Decreased mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells contributes to impaired neovascularization in diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009;36(10):e47-56. doi: https://10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05219.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saito M, Marumo K. Collagen cross-links as a determinant of bone quality: a possible explanation for bone fragility in aging, osteoporosis, and diabetes mellitus. Osteoporos Int. 2010;21(2):195-214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-1066-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saito M, Marumo K. Collagen cross-links as a determinant of bone quality: a possible explanation for bone fragility in aging, osteoporosis, and diabetes mellitus. Osteoporos Int. 2010;21(2):195-214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-1066-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roikjer J, Jensen MH, Vestergaard P, et al. Twenty years with diabetes and amputations: a retrospective populationbased cohort study. Diabet Med. 2020;37(12):2098-2108. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14251</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roikjer J, Jensen MH, Vestergaard P, et al. Twenty years with diabetes and amputations: a retrospective populationbased cohort study. Diabet Med. 2020;37(12):2098-2108. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14251</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyko E, Seelig A, Ahroni J. Limb- and Person-Level Risk Factors for Lower-Limb Amputation in the Prospective Seattle Diabetic Foot Study. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(4):891-898. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-2210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyko E, Seelig A, Ahroni J. Limb- and Person-Level Risk Factors for Lower-Limb Amputation in the Prospective Seattle Diabetic Foot Study. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(4):891-898. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-2210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
