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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg12977</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-12977</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кисты и опухоли надпочечников с кистозной трансформацией. Сравнение результатов хирургического лечения, пункционных методик и неоперативного ведения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cysts and tumors of the adrenal glands with cystic transformation. Comparison of the results of surgical treatment, puncture techniques and non-surgical management</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-8610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мосин Сергей Валерьевич, к.м.н.</p><p>108814, г. Москва, вн.тер.г. муниципальный округ Коммунарка, п. Коммунарка, ул. Сосенский Стан, д. 8, стр. 3</p><p>AuthorID: 653369</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Mosin, PhD</p><p>108814, Moscow, vn.ter.g. municipal district of Kommunarka, Kommunarka village, Sosensky Stan st., 8</p><p>AuthorID: 653369</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mosin-sergey@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-4584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельцевич</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beltsevich</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бельцевич Дмитрий Германович, д.м.н</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry G. Beltsevich, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belts67@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-839X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулезнева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulezneva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулезнева Юлия Валерьевна, д.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Kulezneva, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulezniova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-5116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фейдоров</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Feydorov</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фейдоров Илья Юрьевич, к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia Y. Feidorov, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.feidorov@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пантелеев Игорь Владимирович, к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Panteleev, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ipantel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светлов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetlov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлов Евгений Викторович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy V. Svetlov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кириллова Маргарита Сергеевна, к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita S. Kirillova, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-5412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курашинова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurashinova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курашинова Лиана Султановна, к.м.н</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liana S. Kurashinova, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurashinova.liana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-7923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трудков</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trudkov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трудков Денис Юрьевич, к.м.н</p><p>Москва</p><p>Researcher ID: PFK-0625-2025</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis Y. Trudkov, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Researcher ID: PFK-0625-2025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jinzano84@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-7588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Страдымов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stradymov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Страдымов Егор Андреевич, к.м.н. </p><p>Москва</p><p>Researcher ID: KDP-0995-2024</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57219463516</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor A. Stradymov, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Researcher ID: KDP-0995-2024</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57219463516</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Egr.stradymov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малкина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya A. Malkina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка» ДЗМ»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>"Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center "Kommunarka" Depratment of Health of Moscow"; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>"Endocrinology research center" State funded research facility of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научный центр им. А.С. Логинова ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>"Moscow Clinical Research Center named after A. S. Loginov" Depratment of Health of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. Ф.И. Иноземцева ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>"City Clinical Hospital named after. F.I. Inozemtseva" Depratment of Health of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. В.П. Демихова ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>"City Clinical Hospital named after V.P. Demikhov" Depratment of Health of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мосин С.В., Бельцевич Д.Г., Кулезнева Ю.В., Фейдоров И.Ю., Пантелеев И.В., Светлов Е.В., Кириллова М.С., Курашинова Л.С., Трудков Д.Ю., Страдымов Е.А., Малкина Н.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мосин С.В., Бельцевич Д.Г., Кулезнева Ю.В., Фейдоров И.Ю., Пантелеев И.В., Светлов Е.В., Кириллова М.С., Курашинова Л.С., Трудков Д.Ю., Страдымов Е.А., Малкина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mosin S.V., Beltsevich D.G., Kulezneva Y.V., Feydorov I.Y., Panteleev I.V., Svetlov E.V., Kirillova M.S., Kurashinova L.S., Trudkov D.Y., Stradymov E.A., Malkina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12977">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12977</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты мультицентрового исследования результатов лечения 35 пациентов с предварительным клиническим диагнозом «киста надпочечника», которым были выполнены различные виды хирургических операций или проводилось неоперативное ведение. Исследование являлось наблюдательным, когортным, ретроспективным, основанном на данных реальной клинической практики. Радикальные операции были выполнены у 13 пациентов, пункционное лечение — у 22 пациентов. Встречаемость опухолей с кистозной трансформацией среди всех пациентов с предварительным клиническим диагнозом «киста надпочечника» составила 15,4%, из них феохромоцитом —13,4%. Из 13 оперированных пациентов феохромоцитома выявлена у 23,1% пациентов, у 76,9% — выявлены доброкачественные опухоли с кистозной трансформацией и простые кисты. ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Кисты надпочечников относятся к редким новообразованиям данной локализации. Среди всех новообразований надпочечников, кисты встречаются в 5–10%. Паразитарные кисты из-за эхинококковой болезни — до 7%. Случайно выявленные кисты при рентгенологических исследованиях наблюдаются в 5–9%. По результатам аутопсий кисты составляют 0,06–0,18%. ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка и улучшение результатов дифференциальной диагностики и лечения пациентов с предварительным клиническим диагнозом «киста надпочечника».МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проведен анализ результатов обследования, лечения и наблюдения 52 пациентов с предварительным клиническим диагнозом «киста надпочечника», проходивших лечение в шести стационарах системы Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы с 2009 по 2023 гг. Выполнен ретроспективный анализ КТ-изображений у всех радикально оперированных пациентов и у восьми, перенесших пункционное лечение. Описаны КТ-критерии простых кист и опухолей с кистозной трансформацией, с учетом морфологических результатов у радикально оперированных пациентов. Оценивались отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения в сравнение с результатами наблюдательной (неоперативной) тактики ведения.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Выявлены достоверные КТ-критерии простой кисты надпочечника, на основании которых предложены показания к хирургическому или неоперативному лечению пациентов. Сравнение результатов динамического наблюдения, склерозирования и радикальной операции выявило, что склерозирование характеризуется наибольшей частотой осложнений (13,5%), и наименьшей эффективностью, а адреналэктомия / резекция — характеризуются высокой частотой выполнения «напрасных операций» — в 10 из 13 случаев (76,9%) при отсутствии абсолютных показаний к хирургическому лечению. Частота расхождений клинического и морфологического диагноза (киста/опухоль) составила 8 из 13 оперированных пациентов (61,5%, p-value &lt;0,0001), и частота критического расхождения (киста/феохромоцитома) — 3 из 13 оперированных (23,1%, p-value 0,044). При этом клиническое значение имеет обратная интерпретация полученных данных: решение о хирургическом лечении в данной группе пациентов было верным в 23,1% у оперированных пациентов — в случае феохромоцитом, тогда как в остальных 10 из 13 случаев (76,9%) абсолютных показаний к хирургическому лечению не было.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Неоперативное ведение (наблюдение в динамике) пациентов с простыми кистами надпочечника характеризуется наилучшими результатами в сравнении с обоими видами хирургического лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of a multicenter study of the treatment results of 35 patients with a preliminary clinical diagnosis of "adrenal cyst" who underwent various types of surgical operations or underwent non-surgical management. Radical operations were performed in 13 patients, puncture treatment in 22 patients. The incidence of tumors with cystic transformation among all patients with a preliminary clinical diagnosis of adrenal cyst was 15.4%, of which pheochromocytoma was 13.4%. Of the 13 operated patients, pheochromocytoma was detected in 23.1% of patients, in 76.9% benign tumors with cystic transformation and simple cysts were detected.BACKGROUND: Adrenal cysts are rare neoplasms of this localization. Among all tumors of the adrenal glands, cysts occur in 5–10%. Parasitic cysts due to echinococcal disease — up to 7%. Randomly identified cysts during X-ray examinations are observed in 5–9%. According to the results of autopsies, cysts amount to 0.06–0.18%.AIM: Evaluation and improvement of the results of differential diagnosis and treatment of patients with a preliminary clinical diagnosis of adrenal cyst.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of the results of examination, treatment and follow-up of 52 patients with a preliminary clinical diagnosis of "adrenal cyst" who were treated in six hospitals of the Moscow Department of Health from 2009 to 2023 was carried out. A retrospective analysis of CT images was performed in all radically operated patients and in 8 who underwent puncture treatment. CT criteria for simple cysts and tumors with cystic transformation are described, taking into account morphological results in radically operated patients. The long-term results of surgical treatment were evaluated in comparison with the results of observational (nonoperative) management tactics.RESULTS: Reliable CT criteria of a simple adrenal cyst have been identified, on the basis of which indications for surgical or non-surgical treatment of patients have been proposed. A comparison of the results of dynamic observation, sclerosis and radical surgery revealed that sclerosis is characterized by the highest frequency of complications (13.5%) and the lowest efficiency, and adrenalectomy / resection is characterized by a high frequency of "vain operations" — in 10 out of 13 cases (76.9%) in the absence of absolute indications for surgical treatment. The frequency of discrepancies in clinical and morphological diagnosis (cyst/tumor) was 8 out of 13 operated patients (61.5%, p-value &lt;0.0001), and the frequency of critical discrepancy (cyst/pheochromocytoma) was 3 out of 13 operated (23.1%, p-value 0.044). At the same time, the reverse interpretation of the data obtained is of clinical importance: the decision on surgical treatment in this group of patients was correct in 23.1% of the operated patients — in the case of pheochromocytomas, whereas in the remaining 10 out of 13 cases (76.9%) there were no absolute indications for surgical treatment.CONCLUSION: Nonoperative management (dynamic follow-up) of patients with simple adrenal cysts is characterized by the best results in comparison with both types of surgical treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кисты надпочечников</kwd><kwd>опухоли надпочечников</kwd><kwd>лапароскопическая адреналэктомия</kwd><kwd>резекция надпочечника</kwd><kwd>феохромоцитома</kwd><kwd>пункционное лечение</kwd><kwd>склерозирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adrenal cysts</kwd><kwd>adrenal tumors</kwd><kwd>adrenalectomy</kwd><kwd>adrenal resection</kwd><kwd>pheochromocytoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruzoni ММ, Loto M, Castan’eto GH, Mihura МЕ. 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