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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg12998</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-12998</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Парезы и параличи гортани после операций на щитовидной и околощитовидных железах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vocal cord paresis and paralysis after thyroid and parathyroid surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-2999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприн</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuprin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куприн Александр Александрович, к.м.н.</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Kuprin, MD, PhD</p><p>61/2 Schepkina street, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fishbig04@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-9422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазур Наталья Николаевна</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Mazur, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muza_0112@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского; ГБУЗ Городская клиническая больница им. А.К. Ерамишанцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI); A.K. Eramishanzev city clinical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куприн А.А., Мазур Н.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куприн А.А., Мазур Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuprin A.A., Mazur N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12998">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12998</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Парезы гортани в 59% случаях являются следствием оперативных вмешательств на органах шеи и грудной клетки. При этом причиной значительной части нарушения (до 49% случаев) являются операции на щитовидной железе (ЩЖ). И, к сожалению, самое трагическое осложнение — двустороннее повреждение возвратного гортанного нерва в 80% связано с тиреоидэктомией.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Определить факторы риска и причины парезов гортани у пациентов, оперированных по поводу патологии щитовидной и околощитовидных желез. Проанализировать клиническую картину, катамнез послеоперационных нарушений подвижности гортани.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследование включены пациенты, оперированные по поводу патологии щитовидной и околощитовидных желез. Всем больным перед операцией и после нее проводилась оценка подвижности голосовых складок (УЗИ, видеоларингоскопия). Хирургические вмешательства осуществлялись 8 эндокринными хирургами с обязательной визуализацией возвратного гортанного нерва. В позднем послеоперационном периоде видеоларингоскопия пациентам с парезами гортани выполнялись каждый месяц. При восстановлении подвижности гортани наблюдение за больными прекращалось.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В исследовании идентифицировано 2682 (100%) возвратных гортанных нерва и диагностировано 169 (6,3%) односторонних парезов гортани. У 0,5% пациентов определялись дооперационные парезы гортани (тип А). В 0,5% наблюдениях отмечены послеоперационные нарушения подвижности гортани вследствие инвазии карциномы или «втяжение» нерва в опухолевый инфильтрат (тип Б). Типом В являлись непреднамеренные послеоперационные нарушения подвижности гортани — 5,3% случая.</p><p>Такие факторы, как пол, возраст, нозология, хронический тиреоидит, объем операции, загрудинное расположение, увеличение объема доли ЩЖ не повышали уровень послеоперационных парезов гортани (р&gt;0,05). Однако повторные оперативные вмешательства, прогрессирование злокачественного процесса, техника операции оказывали влияние на количество послеоперационных парезов гортани (р &lt; 0,05). Пациенты с парезами гортани имели следующие клинические проявления: отсутствие кашлевого толчка — 68,1% наблюдений, поперхивание жидкой пищей — 46,0%, одышка — 7,4%, голос не менялся у 24,5% пациентов. Восстановление подвижности гортани выявлено у 67,2% больных. В 97,1% случаев полное восстановление двигательной функции отмечено в первые 3 месяца после операции.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Клиническая картина парезов гортани в раннем послеоперационном периоде имеет различные проявления от бессимптомных форм до дисфагии и дыхательной недостаточности. Кроме того, симптоматика, ларингоскопическая картина неспецифичны (не зависит от причины повреждения возвратного гортанного нерва), а следовательно, не определяют перспективы восстановления подвижности гортани. Однако в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде такие показатели, как частота, время и объем восстановления подвижности голосовой складки, отражают три типа повреждений нервных волокон — нейротмезис, нейрапраксию, аксонотмезис.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. Vocal cord paresis in 59% of cases is a result of surgical interventions on the organs of the neck and chest. However, thyroid surgery is the main cause of them (up to 49% of cases). Unfortunately, the most tragic complication — bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 80% is associated with thyroidectomy.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. To determine the risk factors and causes of vocal cord paresis in patients after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. To analyze the clinical picture, catamnesis of postoperative vocal cord paresis.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included patients who underwent thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Laryngeal mobility was assessed in all patients before and after surgery (transcutaneous ultrasound, videolaryngoscopy). Surgical interventions were performed by 8 endocrine surgeons with mandatory visualization of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. In the late postoperative period videolaryngoscopy was performed in patients with vocal cord paresis every month. Patients monitoring was discontinued upon recovery of laryngeal mobility.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. In the study identified 2682 (100%) recurrent laryngeal nerves and diagnosed 169 (6.3%) unilateral vocal cord paresis. Preoperative vocal cord paresis (type A) was found in 0.5% of patients. Postoperative vocal cord paresis due to carcinoma invasion (type B) were noted in 0.5% of cases. Type “C” included inadvertent postoperative vocal cord paresis, occurring in 5.3% of cases.</p><p>Factors such as sex, age, disease, chronic thyroiditis, increasing surgery, retrosternal location, and increased volume of the thyroid lobe did not elevate the level of postoperative vocal cord paresis (p&gt;0.05). However, reoperation, progression of malignant processes and surgical technique influence the number of postoperative vocal cord paresis (p &lt; 0.05).</p><p>Vocal cord paresis was characterized by the following clinical properties: negative Valsalva test — 68.1%, choke on liquid — 46.0%, breathlessness — 7.4%, and the voice did not change in 24.5% of patients. Recovery of laryngeal mobility was observed in 67.2% of patients. In 97.1% of cases complete recovery of motor function was noted within the first 3 months after surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. The clinical picture of vocal cord paresis in the early postoperative period ranging from asymptomatic forms to dysphagia and respiratory failure. Moreover, the symptoms and laryngoscopic findings are nonspecific (independent of the cause of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury), thus, not determining the prognosis for recovery of laryngeal mobility. However, in the long-term postoperative period indicators such as frequency of recovery, timing of recovery and volume of vocal cord mobility reflect three types of nerve damage — neurotmesis, neuropraxia, and axonotmesis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>парез гортани</kwd><kwd>паралич гортани</kwd><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>околощитовидные железы</kwd><kwd>повреждение возвратного&#13;
гортанного нерва</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vocal cord palsy</kwd><kwd>vocal cord paralysis</kwd><kwd>thyroid gland</kwd><kwd>parathyroid glands</kwd><kwd>recurrent laryngeal nerve injury</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по инициативе авторов без привлечения финансирования.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pisanu A, Porceddu G, Podda M, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies comparing intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerves versus visualization alone during thyroidectomy. J Surg Res. 2014; 188(1):152-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pisanu A, Porceddu G, Podda M, et al. 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