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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg13029</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-13029</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Толстоигольная биопсия в диагностике анапластической карциномы щитовидной железы и других агрессивных форм опухолей головы и шеи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and other aggressive forms of head and neck tumours</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-8845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеева Наталья Игоревна </p><p>Author ID: 206264; Researcher ID (WOS): AAZ-1032-2021; SCOPUS: 57215861367 </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Timofeeva </p><p>Author ID: 206264; Researcher ID (WOS): AAZ-1032-2021; SCOPUS: 57215861367 </p><p>Saint-Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalytim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-664X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черников Роман Анатольевич </p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): AAZ-1549-2021; SCOPUS: 57190294900 </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman A. Chernikov </p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): AAZ-1549-2021; SCOPUS: 57190294900 </p><p>Saint-Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-5081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слепцов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sleptsov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слепцов Илья Валерьевич </p><p>Author ID: 770770; Researcher ID (WOS): F-1670-2019; SCOPUS: 57216017997 </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia V. Sleptsov </p><p>Author ID: 770770; Researcher ID (WOS): F-1670-2019; SCOPUS: 57216017997 </p><p>Saint-Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-9069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobjev</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьев Сергей Леонидович </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei L. Vorobjev </p><p>Saint-Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-0025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенов Арсений Андреевич  </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arseny A. Semenov </p><p>Saint-Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-6232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куляш</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulyash</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куляш Алексей Геннадьевич  </p><p>Author ID: 1196609 </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey G. Kulyash </p><p>Author ID: 1196609 </p><p>Saint-Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6815-9889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амелин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amelin</surname><given-names>M. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амелин Михаил Юрьевич  </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michail U. Amelin </p><p>Saint-Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр клинической морфологической диагностики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Centre for Clinical Morphological Diagnostics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимофеева Н.И., Черников Р.А., Слепцов И.В., Воробьев С.Л., Семенов А.А., Куляш А.Г., Амелин М.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимофеева Н.И., Черников Р.А., Слепцов И.В., Воробьев С.Л., Семенов А.А., Куляш А.Г., Амелин М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timofeeva N.I., Chernikov R.A., Sleptsov I.V., Vorobjev S.L., Semenov A.A., Kulyash A.G., Amelin M.U.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13029">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13029</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Агрессивные новообразования органов головы и шеи остаются значимой медико-социальной проблемой из-за трудностей ранней верификации диагноза и подбора молекулярно-персонифицированной терапии. Ключевым является максимально быстрая и точная морфологическая диагностика (гистология, иммуногистохимия, молекулярно-генетические тесты). Тонкоигольная аспирационная биопсия часто недостаточна для решения этих задач, особенно при крупноразмерных и быстро растущих опухолях, а также после лучевой терапии, когда выраженный фиброз снижает информативность цитологии. Альтернативой инцизионной биопсии, сопряженной с анестезиологическими рисками у пациентов с массивными опухолевыми конгломератами шеи, является толстоигольная биопсия, позволяющая получить репрезентативные столбики ткани для полноценного гистологического, иммуногистохимического и молекулярно-генетического исследования в сжатые сроки.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить информативность, клиническую значимость и безопасность толстоигольной биопсии в диагностике анапластической карциномы щитовидной железы, лимфопролиферативных и других агрессивных опухолей шеи, включая возможность выполнения валидных гистологических, иммуногистохимических и молекулярно-генетических исследований на полученном материале и влияние результатов на выбор начальной терапевтической тактики.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В период 2017–2025 гг. в КВМТ им. Н.И. Пирогова СПБГУ всего выполнена 131 толстоигольная биопсия пациентам с анапластической карциномой щитовидной железы, лимфопролиферативными заболеваниями и другими агрессивными опухолями. Подробно описана методика толстоигольной биопсии образований шеи.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Среди всех пациентов, кому выполнена толстоигольная биопсия, на основании гистологического и иммуногистохимического методов исследования диагноз «Анапластическая карцинома» установлен 79 пациентам (60,3%), «лимфома» — 22 пациентам (16,8%), другие опухоли и неопухолевые заболевания — 30 пациентам (22,9%). По данным генетических исследований, мутация BRAFV600E выявлена у 27 пациентов с анапластической карциномой, выявлена одна мутация в кодоне 61 NRAS по типу Q61K (181C&gt;A); один случай мутации — в гене NTRK3 (ex15).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Толстоигольная биопсия опухолей щитовидной железы, шеи и лимфоузлов шеи является простым, минимально инвазивным и эффективным вмешательством, обладающим высокой информативностью и диагностическим значением. Преимуществом этого метода является возможность получения достаточного материала для исследования структурных и клеточных характеристик опухоли, проведения валидных иммуногистохимических и молекулярно-генетических исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: The most aggressive head and neck malignant tumours are still a great medical and social problem due to the known difficulties both at the diagnostic stage and in the choice of molecular-personalized treatment strategy. The most rapid and accurate morphological (histological, immunohistochemical, molecular genetic) diagnosis is of fundamental importance. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is often insufficient for these tasks, particularly in large, rapidly growing tumors and after radiotherapy, when pronounced fibrosis reduces the diagnostic yield of cytology. An alternative to incisional biopsy — which carries anesthetic risks in patients with bulky cervical tumor masses — is core needle biopsy, which enables procurement of representative tissue cores for comprehensive histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular-genetic studies within a short timeframe.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic yield, clinical utility, and safety of core needle biopsy in the workup of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoproliferative disorders, and other aggressive neck tumors, including the feasibility of performing valid histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular-genetic assays on the obtained material and the impact of the results on initial therapeutic decision-making.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period 2017–2025, a total of 131 core needle biopsies were performed at Saint-Petersburg State University for patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoproliferative diseases and other aggressive tumours. The technique of core needle biopsy of neck tumours is described in detail.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: Among all patients who underwent core needle biopsy, on the basis of histological and immunohistochemical methods the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma was established in 79 patients (60.3%), lymphoma — in 22 patients (16.8%), other tumours and non-tumours — in 30 patients (22.9%). According to the data of genetic studies, BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 27 patients with anaplastic carcinoma, one mutation in NRAS codon 61 of Q61K type (181C&gt;A); one case of mutation in NTRK3 gene (ex15) was detected.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: Core needle biopsy of thyroid, neck tumours and neck lymph nodes is a simple, minimally invasive and effective intervention with high informative and diagnostic value. The advantage of this method is the possibility of obtaining sufficient material to study the structural and cellular characteristics of the tumour, to perform valid immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>толстоигольная биопсия</kwd><kwd>анапластическая карцинома щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>опухоли головы и шеи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>core needle biopsy</kwd><kwd>anaplastic thyroid carcinoma</kwd><kwd>head and neck tumours</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong Gyu Na, Jung Hwan Baek, So Lyung Jung et al. Core Needle Biopsy of the Thyroid: 2016 Consensus Statement and Recommendations from Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology. 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