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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endoserg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endocrine Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-3513</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3965</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Типография «Печатных дел Мастер»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/serg2014127-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endoserg-6642</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Зарождение, развитие хирургии щитовидной железы в России в XIX - начале XX века и настоящее время</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Thyroid Surgery Origin, Development in XIX - Beginning of XX Century and Present Time</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanchishen</surname><given-names>A F</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russain Federation; Saint-Petersburg Center of Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russain Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afromanchishen@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vabalayte</surname><given-names>K V</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russain Federation; Saint-Petersburg Center of Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russain Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>№1 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Romanchishen A.F., Vabalayte K.V., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Romanchishen A.F., Vabalayte K.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanchishen A.F., Vabalayte K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6642">https://www.surg-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6642</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследован вклад выдающихся российских хирургов Н.И. Пирогова, Ф.И. Иноземцева, А.А. Боброва, Н.Ф. Лежнёва, Н.А. Вельяминова, С.П. Федорова и их учеников в развитие тиреоидной хирургии. Основы хирургии щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) были заложены Н.И. Пироговым в 1831 г. Диссертация доктора Н.Ф. Лежнёва (1904) стала первым значимым, но забытым на 100 лет трудом, отражающим вклад российских хирургов в развитие операций на ЩЖ в России. Нами установлено, что А.А. Бобров уже с 1893 г. первым в мире начал оперировать под визуальным контролем возвратных гортанных нервов. В.И. Разумовский в 1903 г. первым применил пункционную и эксцизионную диагностику рака ЩЖ, охарактеризовал медуллярный рак, использовал ларингоскопическое исследование всех тиреоидных больных до операций. Эти новации приобрели в настоящее время качество “золотого стандарта” диагностики и лечения. Изменившаяся международная обстановка открыла возможности для расширения международного сотрудничества. Его началом на уровне страны оказался ХI Российский симпозиум эндокринных хирургов, проведенный сотрудниками кафедры госпитальной хирургии (Санкт-Петербургский центр хирургии органов эндокринной системы) СПбГПМУ 15-17 июля 2003 г.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Contribution of outstanding Russian surgeons (Pirogov N.I., Inozemcev F.I., Bobrov A.A., Lezhnev N.F., Fyodorov S.P. and their pupils) to thyroid surgery is not fully appreciated yet. Dr. N.I. Pirogov (1831) described the major principles of thyroid anatomy, topography, syntopy and surgery. In 1847, he performed the first strumectomy in Russia with a detailed description of the technique and the outcome. It was also the first surgery on the thyroid in the world performed under general anesthesia. In 1904, Russian surgeon N.F. Lezhnev (Moscow) reported on 106 thyroid surgeries using visual control of recurrent laryngeal nerves in A.A. Bobrov’s clinic since 1893. V.I. Razumovsky was the first to describe medullary and anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid in 1904. He also recommended laryngoscopy in all patients prior to the surgery. S.P. Fyodorov - Professor of Imperial Military Medical Academy in Saint-Petersburg, was extremely reputable in Europe, he was also interested in ectopic goiter, and lingual goiter. When W. Mayo saw Dr. Fyodorov’s surgical skills he called him “Master of Surgery” and invited Fyodorov to become Surgeon-in-Chief at the Mayo Clinic. Recent political changes opened new opportunities for a more effective cooperation between surgeons throughout the world.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хирургия щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>история</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid surgery</kwd><kwd>history</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Догаткин ЕК. 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