In this article matured necessity of decision management challenges in the field of endocrine surgery is discussed. There are epidemiological data, which improved their social magnification. The most impotent problem in this sphere are absence of modern guidelines, lack of epidemiology data and national registers, difficulties of education new specialists, delay of scientific development. The authors insist to separation of endocrine surgery as self depending specialty, it could be first step in resolving of available challenges. 

Today subclinical Cushing's syndrome is the most widespread variant of hormonal activity of incidentaloma's hormonal activity. This pathology is defined as a mild intensity autonomous cortisol hypersecretion, not causing specific clinical signs of hypercorticism, but detectable biochemically as derangements of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Some clinical symptomatology of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, impaired carbohydrate metabolism and hypertension, are peculiar to subclinical hypercorticism more than to population. As a result all these symptomatology could lead to increasing cardiovascular risk. Till now there isn't a definite opinion about the need of surgical treatment of present pathology. But there is evidence, that after removing of incidentalomas clinical symptomatology of metabolic syndrome are improving. For understanding all possible risks, connected with subclinical hypercorticism, it's necessary to study the origins of their arising and present about the most adequate screening tests. 

Metastatic involvement of central lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is very common. However, prophylactic central lymph nodes dissection additionally to thyroidectomy does not significantly affect disease-free and overall survival of PTC patients. Meanwhile its routine conduction is tangibly increase postsurgical complications. From efficacy/safety point of view prophylactic central lymph nodes dissection couldn't be recommended as substantiated in all PTC patients.