Основные опухоли околощитовидной железы

Первичный гиперпаратиреоз — это третья по распространенности патология эндокринной системы. Для него характерны повышение уровня паратиреоидного гормона, гиперкальциемия, гиперкальциурия, гипофосфатемия. Среди симптомов отмечают боль в костях, слабость, полиурию и запоры. В большинстве случаев (85%) первичный гиперпаратиреоз вызван солитарной аденомой околощитовидной железы. Другими причинами являются гиперплазия (5%), множественные аденомы (<5%) и рак (<1%). Однако особое внимание в данной статье уделено двум причинам первичного гиперпаратиреоза: аденоме и раку околощитовидной железы, так как они представляют особый интерес как с молекулярной точки зрения, так и в отношении клинических особенностей данных опухолей. Кроме того, данные опухоли пересекаются по своим симптомам и признакам, и диагноз зачастую устанавливается только после гистологического исследования. В общей сложности нами выявлено 2700 статей, из которых 66 соответствовали критериям включения. 66 включенных исследований были тематическими по опухолевым образованиям околощитовидной железы. Они были проведены в период с 1997 по 2022 гг. Обзор подчеркивает важность дальнейшего исследования молекулярных особенностей данных заболеваний и, возможно, таргетных методов лечения, так как, например, при раке околощитовидной железы даже при резекции R0 высок риск рецидива. Также в статье уделено внимание вопросам новой классификации опухолевых поражений околощитовидной железы 2022 г. Всемирной организации здравоохранения , что также важно для унифицированного изучения данных опухолей.

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