Topical diagnostics of parathyroids an important stage in preoperative inspection of patients with a primary hyperparathyreosis. Methods of diagnostics existing for today not always demand use of all methods for each patient. A research problem was studying of diagnostic value of each of research methods separately and their combinations. The obtained data testifies to high sensitivity and specificity of each of methods of preoperative topical diagnostics of a pathology of parathyroids at patients with a primary hyperparathyreosis. Sensitivity of US, the Scintigraphy, US + Scintigraphy and the Multispiral computer tomography (MSCT) has compounded – 96,8 %, 91,8 %, 99,2 % and 95,2 % accordingly. Specificity of US, the Scintigraphy, US+ Scintigraphy and a MSCT has compounded – 91,9 %, 84,2 %, 94,1 % and 94,1 % accordingly. Findings of investigation have taped absence of statistically significant differences in sensitivity and specificity parametres between US and «the gold standard» diagnostics of a pathology of parathyroids that allows to recommend US, as a unique method of primary topical diagnostics of a pathology of parathyroids at a primary hyperparathyreosis. However any doubts in diagnostic accuracy of US demand expansion of all complex of diagnostic actions scintigraphy, including an SPECT, and also MSCT, especially in case of atypical a locating of parathyroids. On the basis of findings of investigation the optimum diagnostic algorithm is developed at a primary hyperparathyreosis.

Currently the “gold standard” in diagnostics of thyroid tumors is a fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). However, FNAC cannot discriminate between benign and malignant thyroid tumors in 15 to 30% of observations. In order to develop an additional tool for differential diagnostics of thyroid tumors we evaluated the diagnostic performance of 3-antigen serum autoantibody signature in groups of benign ( n = 22) and malignant ( n = 26) thyroid tumors using a dot-blot ELISA-based analysis The sensitivity and specificity of resultant array were estimated to be 55–60% and 95–100%, respectively ( p < 0.001 according to one-sided Fisher Exact Test). Thus, we created a prototype antigen array for differential diagnostics of thyroid tumors which can be regarded as a platform for design of more complicated panel, highly sensitive in thyroid cancer detection, which can significantly improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Background. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is one of the serious complications in chronic kidney disease and is associated with progressive bone disease and vascular calcification.The objective of the study was to determine the impact of Mimpara (Cinacalcet HCl) on mineral disorder, bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) versus parathyroidectomy (PTx) in haemodialysis patients’ refractory to alfacalcidol. Materials and methods. 62 haemodialysis patients with sHPT were enrolled in this 6=months prospective study. All of them had surgical indications for PTx. Surgical indications was established according to clinical or biological assessment. 40 patients underwent Mimpara treatment. Dose of Mimpara was titrated every 4 weeks. Sequential doses included 30–180 (mean 59.1 ± 34.2) mg/day. 22 patients underwent PTx. The surgical technique was depended on quantity of hyperplastic parathyroid glands.Results. In 6 months mean iPTH, Ca, Са×Р, CTx and OC levels significantly decreased by 55.7%, 13.8%,34.3%, 21.4 and 1.4% in the Mimpara group vs. 90.7%, 14%, 55.5%, 58.7% and 26.9% in the PTx group. Median serum iPTH level decreased by 30% after initiation of Mimpara in 94.3% patients, from them by 50%in 74.3%. Achieved the KDOQI treatment targets for PTH in 28.6% patients.In 6 months after PTx median serum iPTH level was <100 pg/ml in 50% patients, achieved the KDOQI treatment targets in 27.3%, <300 pg/ml in 18.2%. Median serum 25(ОН)D after PTx significantly increase by 127.3% vs 6.72% in the Mimpara group. In 6 months active restoration of BMD was found in the PTx patients, and patients treated with Cinacalcet showed stabilization of BMD.Mimpara therapy led to a reduction in glandular volume during the course of the study: in both glands with a baseline volume <500 mm3 and with a baseline volume ≥500 mm3. Conclusions. PTx and Cinacalcet therapy improves phosphorus=calcium homeostasis, bone turnover, but bone resorption and formation markers decreased better in the PTx group compared to Cinacalcet group. The effectiveness and safety of Mimpara for secondary hyperparathyroidism were evaluated in dialysis patients’ refractory to alfacalcidol, which reduced the need for parathyroidectomy in patient without severe osteodystrophy.

Comparative analysis of post-surgical neurologic complications due to motor nerves damage (recurrent laryngeal and spine nerves) during conventional and neuromonitoring-guide thyroid surgery is conducted in this clinical study. Implication of intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid as well as central neck (VI level) surgery permitted to reduce recurrence laryngeal nerve palsy more than two times ( OR = 0,32; 95% CI0,11–0,86; P = 0,028). As ultimate indication towards intraoperative neuromonitoring author consider operations associated with a high risk of motor nerve causal injury as well as fault of its visual identification.

In this article we describe a rare case of spontaneous remission of acromegaly as a consequence of hemorrhage to pituitary adenoma and subarachnoid space, followed after intraoperative bleeding during transnasal removal of somatoprolactinomas.