Compared to most malignant tumors, papillary thyroid cancer (PST) is associated with favorable survival and low recurrence rates. Prognostic factors for thyroid cancer include age, sex, tumor size, the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck, and the spread of the tumor beyond the thyroid capsule. Extrathyroid invasion of cancer into the trachea is a marker of more aggressive tumor behavior, determining a subpopulation of patients at greater risk of recurrence and death. The paper presents 2 cases of surgical treatment of advanced papillary thyroid cancer with ingrowth into the trachea. The performance of this or that type of surgery depends on the location and extent of the tumor invasion of this organ. In the first case, the socalled «window» tracheal resection was performed, in the second – circular resection with the imposition of an intertracheal anastomosis. This clinical case indicates the possibilities of using modern surgical techniques for locally advanced malignant thyroid tumors, which make it possible to achieve long-term remission of the disease.

Primary hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine pathology, with parathyroid adenoma being the most frequent cause of this condition. A number of patients have deep-seated mediastinal adenomas which poses certain challenges in diagnostics and impose serious limitations for performing a surgery using a traditional transcervical approach. Nonetheless, the combination of modern tools of topical diagnostic investigations along with mini-invasive surgical methods allow to perform a radical operation in this group of patients with reduced injury rate. In this article we present a clinical case of surgical treatment of a 65-Year-Old female patient with primary hyperthyroidism caused by retrosternal parathyroid adenoma located in the aortic-pulmonal window. Preliminary diagnosis was based on Chest Computed Tomography (CCT scan) and technetium-99mTC scintigraphy. Considering complex anatomical and topographical location of the tumour it was decided to perform a thoracoscopic parathyroidectomy. The postoperative period was uneventful, with the laboratory values of parathormone being within reference range after the surgery. On the third day after the operation the patient was discharged. Further follow-up has not shown any signs of relapse.

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) occurs after adrenalectomy for adrenal corticosteroma due to inhibition of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis and decreased function of the contralateral adrenal gland. Treatment of postoperative AI is based on glucocorticoid replacement therapy and is generally required in all patients with adrenalectomy for Cushing’s syndrome, but dosage and duration of treatment may vary. It is important to educate patients for self-adjustment of substitution therapy dosages and prevention of AI decompensation, it is especially important in this pathology. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with acute adrenal insufficiency that developed against the background of adrenalectomy for corticosteroma of the left adrenal gland.

This article presents different variants of the clinical course of complications of adrenal tumors with rupture and formation of retroperitoneal hematomas, depending on the morphological characteristics of the neoplasms. The first clinical case described a 38-year-old patient with adrenocortical carcinoma of the left adrenal gland up to 8 cm in size, complicated by rupture with the formation of a retroperitoneal hematoma with a volume of 2800 cm3 , simulating a  giant extraorgan retroperitoneal tumor with anemia and cachexia. After surgical treatment and stabilization of the condition, the patient is referred for chemotherapy with a positive outcome. The second case is about a 21-year-old patient with undiagnosed pheochromocytoma, who had a tumor rupture with hemorrhage and the  development of acute symptoms against the background of the start of antihypertensive therapy. After the  retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy, the condition stabilized. The third case is about the experience of observing a 45-year-old patient with myelolipoma up to 6.4 cm, complicated by a previously suffered retroperitoneal hematoma, in whom surgical treatment was not performed due to the presence of end-stage chronic kidney disease and stable tumor condition.

This paper examines the case of differential diagnosis of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOA) and purulent arthritis (PA) in young patients with unsatisfactory control of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and a short (8 years) duration of the underlying disease. Errors in the diagnosis of foot and ankle lesions made at the first stage of care create a clinical situation associated with a minimal risk of limb loss. At the second stage, during hospitalization in a specialized institution, a range of diagnostic and therapeutic measures was selected, which allowed for adequate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the  lesion, as well as its complex treatment, which made it possible to save the foot and ankle joint. This harmful event is due to the need for comprehensive multidisciplinary care in the selection of diagnostic testing and subsequent treatment of short-term patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus.