In the study were enrolled 137 patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Low 35%-sensitivity of FNAC and high accuracy of basal calcitonin in MTC diagnostics were found. Mutation analysis of the RET pro- tooncogene in familial and sporadic MTC, RAS -gene in sporadic MTC were done. The correlation between type of the mutation and disease aggressiveness was found.

Introduction. Graves disease (GD) managements are varying. More then 40% GD patients undergo surgery in Russia. Materials and Methods. In the Centre 2920 GD patients were operated on. They made 11.7% of 24934 Thyroid (T) surgical cases during 1974-2009. This study includes 357 males (M) and 2527 females (F) observed 2-30 years after Dunhill-Drachinskaya operations (leaving 2-4 g. of some T upper pole) or thyroidectomy. Long-term results of treatment have been evaluated 2-30 years later in 336 (94.1%) males and 119 (99%) females. Statistic analysis of the data was performed using “Statistica” software. Results. Average age made 46.2 ± 2.5 years. M (43.2 ± 1.5) were significantly (p <0.05) younger then F (47.3 ± 1.8). Age of GD beginning was about 39. Duration of diseases of M was much shorter (2.1 ± 0.9) then F (7.2 ± 1.9). Cardiac fibrillation happened in 32.1% of M, 13.7% - in F, exophthalmia - in 44.4% of M, in 24.8% of F (P <0.05). Deterioration of libido and potency has observed in 40.6% and 48.9% of M (39.1 ± 0.4). Plasmapheresis was applied in 9.4% of M, 5.8% - of F. Thyroid has neck location in 55.0% of M, 62.0% - of F. T more often extended behind of sternum and trachea in M. The indication for operations: recurrent and complicated hyperthyroidism (47.0%); compression syndrome (27.0%); allergy (7.0%); oncological risk, pregnancy (19.0%). Postoperative unilateral RLN palsy was found at 0.9%, temporary hypoparathyroidism - at 1.7%. T remnant function was stabilized per the first 12-18 months. In 2-5 years later euthyroid condition observed in 63.4%, postoperative hypothyroidism - at 29.8%, subclinical hypothyroidism - at 5.4%, the relapse of thyrotoxicosis - at 1.36%. Conclusion. Clinical manifestations of M and F GD have essential differences with more aggressive course in M. Relapses of GD are rare after Dunhill-Drachinskaya T resection. Aggressive course of GD in M demands early surgical treatment.

In the paper has presented the first in Russia observation of bilateral synchronous parathyroids cancer in patient with urolithiasis complicated by chronic pyelonephritis, renal insufficiency with tertiary hyperparathyroidism and femoral neck fracture. During observation of the patient in our hospital were found hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy, medial right femoral neck fracture, very high level of parathormone (1969,0 pg/ml), tumorous of right (16,0 × 17,0 mm) and left (23,0 × 17,0 mm) parathyroid glands located behind of inferior thyroid poles during ultrasound research. Surgical exploration has found bilateral whitish parathyroid tumorous with invasion to right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Were performed right hemithyroidectomy, left thyroid lobe resection and central neck dissections. Parathormone level has decreased to 3.5 times (up to 582 pg/ml.) 20 minutes later after bilateral inferior parathyroidectomies. The regular hemodialysis was restore and six months later was successfully undertaken the hip prosthetics. Two year later after the surgery signs of parathyroid cancer relapses were no found.

Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor, which as a rule big in size. It consists of fat tissue and red marrow ele- ments. The use of highly-informative methods of diagnostics (US, CT MRI, fine needle aspiration, cytology examination) permits to state the appropriate diagnosis in 85-95% cases. The issue of selecting the best diagnostic approach not only to define the presence of myelolipoma but also to exclude adrenal cortical can- cer and lymphosarcoma still remains topical. Is it possible to recommend these patients for follow-up? In what case is the surgery the only way of treatment? Why are most patients operated, while it is not typical of myelolipoma to become malignant?

An analysis of the use of minimally invasive interventions - laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT), ethanol destruction (ED) under ultrasound guidance, a combination of these methods in the treatment of сystic-col- loidal nodes (CCN) of thyroid nodules in 120 patients. ED carried out in 31 patients with cystic destruction of a site of more than 70%. Marked decrease in the average volume with 4.68 ± 2.25 cm3 to 1.15 ± 0.9 cm3. In 4 patients remained cystic cavity of small size, which required a combination of LITT (CombiLITT). Nine patients underwent LITT solid residue of more than 1 cm3. The average size of nodules within 6 months after the primary surgery was 0.9 ± 0.3 cm3. СombiLITT performed in 42 patients with cystic cavity from 20 to 70%. The volume of units decreased from 7.98 ± 4.56 to 1.87 ± 0.9 cm3. After 3 months, 11 patients with the size of a solid residue of more than 1 cm3 held LITT. All of them when viewed after 3 months observed decrease of more than 50%. LITT performed 23 patients with major nodes and cystic cavities less than 20% of the node. Marked decrease in the amount of nodes with 2.89 ± 1.25 cm3 to 1.42 ± 0.8 cm3. Retesting LITT took 2 patients. After 6 months, the average amount of units was 0.7 ± 0.2 cm3 LITT conducted in 24 patients with small cystic nodes to 1 cm3. Marked decrease in size from 0.69 ± 0.23 cm3 to 0.29 ± 0.12 cm3. Varied selection of minimally inva- sive treatment of CCN is effective and in most cases, to achieve reduction of the size of nodes.